Hand Axe

1. Demonstrate handling an axe (e.g. carrying, masking, handing to another person).
2. Demonstrate use of sharpening stone and oiling of haft and head.
3. Demonstrate correct methods of chopping, splitting, and sharpening picket.
4. Name parts of an axe and show working knowledge of safety rules.

Because of its size and the way in which it is used, an axe can be more dangerous than any other woods tool. Remove the sheath only when you are prepared to use your axe. When you are using it, give it your full attention.

An axe must be sharp and in excellent condition. If the head is loose, soak the axe for a few hours in a stream or a bucket of water. The wood in the head will swell and the handle will be tight for a while. For a more permanent fix draft a wedge into the wood in the head, or replace the worn handle with a new one.

There must be a safe working area when using an axe. Make a chop by roping the area off. You must have plenty of room to swing the axe. Check your clearance by holding your axe at arm's length all around you and over your head. You should have a minimum of two axe lengths clearance around you.

Chopping branches off a downed log is called "limbing". Stand on the side of the log opposite the branch you are to chop. Chop close to the base of the branch, driving the axe into the underside of the limb. Keep the log between you and your cuts. If the axe misses the branch, the blade will hit the log rather than your leg.

Knife

1. Demonstrate use in whittling.
2. Clean, oil and sharpen.
3. Show knowledge of safety rules.

The best knife for outdoor use has one or two folding blades for cutting, and special blades for opening cans, screw drivers and punching holes.

Always keep the blades closed except when you are using them.
Always cut away from yourself.
Always keep your knife sharp and clean.
Close the blades before you pass a knife to someone else.
Do not carry a knife with an open blade.
Do not cut towards yourself.
Do not throw your knife.

Bushman's Saw

1. How to carry and stow when not in use.
2. Demonstrate use for crosscutting firewood.
3. Show knowledge of safety rules.

A camp or a bush saw is the right tool for most outdoor woodcutting. Saw teeth are needle sharp. Treat every saw with the same respect you give an axe or your pocket knife.

Brace the wood to be cut against a solid support. Use long, smooth strokes that let the weight of the saw pull the blade into the wood.